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Circular No. 24. 
X600-Feb., 1914" 



The University Matriculation Board 

Ontario 



JUNIOR MATRICULATION 

Pass, Honour, and Scholarship. 



Regulations and Courses of Study 



PRINTED BY ORDER OF 

THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO 



TORONTO : 

Printed and Published by L. K. CAMERON, Printer to the Kings Most Excellent Majesty 

1914, 



l£ 






Printed by 

WILLIAM BRIGGS 

29-37 Richmond Street West 

TORONTO 



o, «f a; 

NOV 7 1914 



UNIVERSITY JUNIOR MATRICULATION 

CREATION and POWERS of the UNIVERSITY MATRICULATION BOARD 



1. — (1) As a result of a conference of representatives of the University 
of Toronto; Queen's University, Kingston; McMaster University, To- 
ronto ; and the Western University, London, held at the University of To- 
ronto in December, 1908, the Senates of these Universities created "The 
University Matriculation Board" to conduct and control their annual 
Matriculation examinations; said Board to be composed of eight mem- 
bers — four appointed by the Senate of the University of Toronto, two by 
the Senate of Queen's University, and one each by the Senates of 
McMaster and the Western Universities. The Board was organized on 
January 27th, 1909. In accordance with the University Statutes creat- 
ing the University Matriculation Board — (1) This Board appoints the 
examiners for the Junior Matriculation examinations, regulates the con- 
duct of the examination, considers the reports in connection therewith, 
and determines the results; and (2) Under this Board the standards and 
the subjects of the examination papers for Pass and Honour Matricula- 
tion are determined by the Statutes and Regulations of the University 
of Toronto as adopted pursuant to the Annual Conference with the Uni- 
versities of Ontario represented on the Board. 

(2) At the request of the Board, the Department of Education has 
agreed to provide the same machinery for holding the University Matric- 
ulation examinations as it employs for holding the Departmental exam- 
inations; but the responsibility for these examinations and the certifi- 
cates issued devolves wholly on the University Matriculation Board and 
all communications requiring the attention of the Board should be 
addressed to the Secretary of the University Matriculation Board, Par- 
liament Buildings, Toronto. It is further agreed that, if at any time 
the Universities make such a change in the organization and manage- 
ment of their Matriculation examinations as will entail additional 
expenditure, the consent of the Minister of Education shall be obtained 
before such expenditure be made a charge on his Department. 

REGULATIONS OF THE BOARD. 

2. — (1) The Board shall appoint an executive committee of not more 
than three members who shall, in the intervals between the meetings of 
the Board, perform such duties as may be assigned to them by the 
Board. 

(2) Ail communications or references requiring the attention of the 
Board shall be addressed to the Secretary of the University Matriculation 
Board, Parliament Buildings. 

(3) There shall be two classes of examiners, (a) Examiners-in- 
chief, who shall, set the question papers and read the scholarship and 
appeal answer papers, and (&) Associate Examiners, who shall read 
the other answer papers. 

(4) The Board shall appoint as Examiners-in-chief persons of well- 
known ability as teachers in either a University or a High School. No 
Examiner -in-chief shall be engaged in the preparation of candidates 
for the examinations concerned. 

3 



(5) The Board shall appoint as Associate Examiners persons hold- 
ing specialists* certificates according to the regulations of the Depart- 
ment of Education, or graduates of any British University. Such per- 
sons shall be actually engaged in teaching the subject which they are 
appointed to examine, and shall have had at least two years* successful 
experience as teachers in this Province. 

(6) No Examiner or Associate Examiner shall be appointed for more 
than three consecutive years, except in the case of an examiner who has 
exceptional ability for the work and in order to secure the requisite 
degree of experience in each section. 

(7) The number of Examiners-in-chief and Associate Examiners, 
from year to year, for each examination shall be determined by the 
Board. 

(8) The Examiners-in-chief shall act as a Board, subject to the 
provisions of "Instructions" No. 7, and shall be jointly responsible for 
each and every question paper. 

(9) The Eegistrar of the Department of Education shall be Secre- 
tary of the University Matriculation Board and Chairman of the Board 
of Examiners-in-chief and of any committee thereof, and shall perform 
the duties set forth in Departmental Circular, Instructions No. 7. 

(10) The Board shall appoint a Ee vising Committee, to consist of 
not more than three of the Examiners-in-chief, who shall consider the 
marks obtained by the candidates, make allowances where necessary, 
determine the results, and report their findings to the Board. 

(11) The Board shall print and distribute circulars defining the 
Course of Study and Eegulations governing Pass and Honour Matricu- 
lation as authorized by the Senate of the University of Toronto and 
agreed to by the universities represented on this Board. 

(12) If, after all the answer papers have been read, any examina- 
tion paper should be adjudged by the Board to be easier or more diffi- 
cult than required, the minimum on the paper shall be correspondingly 
increased or diminished. 

(13) In connection with the Pass Junior Matriculation examination 
a report signed by all the members of the staff of the school concerned 
as to the standing of their candidates will be taken into account in deter- 
mining the results. Only the names of the candidates who, in the 
opinion of the staff, have completed satisfactorily the courses for the 
examination shall be included in this report. Such a report must be 
received at the office of the Secretary not later than the first day of the 
examination to which the report refers. 

(14) A candidate who makes the required aggregate, but who fails 
to obtain the minimum in a subject, may be passed at the discretion of 
the Board, provided he was reported by the staff of the school as com- 
petent and such report is found to be satisfactory. 

(15) Uniform certificates of Pass Junior Matriculation, signed by 
the Secretary, shall be issued by the Board to successful candidates. 
These certificates will be accepted by each of the Universities represented 
on the Board in accordance with the regulations set forth in their re- 
spective calendars. _...._ 



(16) Any candidate may have his papers re-examined on appeal to 
the Secretary of the Board not later than September 1st. Each appellant 
shall be charged a fee of $2.00, which shall be refunded if the appeal 
is sustained. No appeal, however, against scholarship awards shall be 
entertained. 

(17) Each appeal answer paper shall be read by the Examiner-in- 
chief who set the paper or by a substitute appointed by the Matricula- 
tion Board. 

REGULATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITIES. 

Subjects. 

3. — (1) The subjects of Junior Matriculation are as follows: — 

Latin, English, History, Mathematics, and any two of the following: 
Greek, German, French, Experimental Science. 

(2) Pass and honour papers will be set in each of these subjects. 

(3) In certain cases foreign students may present themselves for 
examination in their native language instead of Greek or German, or 
French, but only when the language has been approved by the Senate 
of the University concerned. The examination in an approved lan- 
guage will consist of two papers, similar in character to those in English. 

(4) Each examination paper shall be valued at 100 marks. 

The pass papers are as follows: 

Latin Authors Greek Authors 

Latin Composition Greek Accidence , 

English Literature German Authors 

English Composition . .- German Composition 

British and Canadian History .... French Authors 

Greek and Roman History French Composition 

Algebra Experimental Science — Physics. . . 

Geometry Experimental Science — Chemistry. 

Standakds. 

4. — (1) The pass standard is forty per cent, of the marks assigned 
to a paper with an average of sixty per cent. 

(2) (a) A candidate who has obtained the average of sixty per cent. 
on all the papers, but has failed to obtain forty per cent, in at most three 
of these papers, may complete Junior Matriculation by passing on these 
papers at any one subsequent examination. 

(b) A candidate who has obtained 40 per cent, on each of at least 
eight papers, with an average of 60 per cent, on the same, will be 
credited with these papers. In order to complete his Matriculation he 
must obtain at one subsequent examination, 40 per cent, on each of 
the remaining papers, with an average of 60 per cent. 

(3) A candidate who has obtained partial Matriculation standing 
under the Regulations in force in a previous year may present him- 
self for examination on the papers necessary to complete his Matricu- 
lation. 

(4) Other candidates ma} r be admitted to the examination for the 
purpose of qualifying for a standing other than that of Matriculation. 



6 

(5) Candidates who pass the complete examination for Matricula- 
tion in any one year will be granted certificates of Pass Junior Matricu- 
lation. All other candidates will receive statements of their standing. 

(6) The First 'Class Honour standard is 75 per cent.; the Second 
Class, 66 per cent.; and the Third Class, -50 per cent, of the marks 
assigned to the subject. In addition to percentage in the subject a 
standard of 40 per cent, on each paper is also required. 

MATRICULATION' INTO OTHER FACULTIES. 

5. Information as to the subjects and standards for Matriculation 
into faculties other than Arts may be obtained on application to the 
Registrar of the University concerned. 

JUNE EXAMINATIONS. 

6. — (1) Written examinations, as defined above, for Pass and Honour 
Junior Matriculation will be held by the University Matriculation Board, 
annually in June, subject to the conditions already stated, at each High 
School and Collegiate Institute, and at such other centres as may be 
approved by the Minister of Education. If application is made to the 
University Senate the examination may, with the co-operation of the 
Minister of Education, be held at centres outside of Ontario. 

(2) Candidates intending to write at any of these examinations 
at a University shall make application to the Registrar thereof before 
the 15th of May on an official form to be obtained from him. All other 
candidates shall make application before the same date to the local Public 
School Inspector, from whom the official form may be obtained. 

(3) Scholarship candidates must also send a special application by 
the same date to the Registrar of the University concerned according 
to a form to be obtained from him. 

(4) The official form of application shall include the certificate 
from the Principal of the School from which the candidate comes, or 
otherwise, that he has read carefully during the preceding year at least 
four suitable works in English Literature (both prose and poetry), in 
addition to those prescribed for the examination. 

(5) (a) On application, accompanied by the additional fee pres- 
cribed ($3.00) candidates for the full Middle School Normal Entrance 
examination may have their marks considered for Matriculation purposes. 

(6) Except as stated in (a) above, Middle School Normal Entrance 
papers will not be considered for Matriculation purposes. 

SEPTEMBER SUPPLEMENTAL EXAMINATION. 

7. — (1) The Supplemental Pass Junior Matriculation examina- 
tion is conducted in September by the University Matriculation Board, 
at the following centres : — 

(a) The University of Toronto; Queen's University, Kingston; 
McMaster University, Toronto; Western University, London. 



(b) Any of the following, upon request :— Windsor, Chatham, 
Sarnia, St. Thomas, Woodstock, Brantford, Simcoe, Cayuga, Wet- 
land, St. Catharines, Hamilton, Goderich, Stratford, Berlin, G-uelph, 
Walkerton, Owen Sound, Orangeville, Barrie, Whitby, Bowmanville, 
Cobourg, Lindsay, Peterborough, Belleville, Picton, Napanee, Brockville, 
Kemptville, Prescott, Morrisburg, Cornwall, Alexandria, Vankleek Hill, 
Ottawa, Smith's Falls, Eenfrew, Bracebridge, North Bay, Sault Ste. 
Marie, Port Arthur, Ilaileybury. 

(c) Elsewhere in Ontario, upon request, and if approved by the 
University Matriculation Board. 

(d) Elsewhere in Canada upon request of one of the aforesaid Uni- 
versities and with the approval of the Board. 

(2) Applications to write on the examination, accompanied by the 
necessary fee, shall be received at the office of the Secretary of the Board 
as follows : — 

(a) Up to September 1st, from those who wish to write at any centre 
authorized in Ontario. 

(b) Up to August 25th, from those who wish to write elsewhere in 
Ontario. 

(c) Up to August 1st, from those who, through one of the afore- 
said Universities, make application to write outside of the Province of 
Ontario. 

(3) On payment of the required fee, with one dollar additional, a 
candidate who has failed to make application as specified in the fore- 
going regulation (2) may be admitted to the examination at a centre 
already established, provided the accommodation is adequate and the 
number of question papers sufficient. 

(4) The subjects of the examination, the prescription of work and 
the standard required shall be the same as for the June Pass Junior 
Matriculation examination of the same year. 

(5) The following are eligible to become candidates at this exam- 
ination : — 

(a) Those who are applicants for the complete Matriculation ex- 
amination. 

(6) Those who are completing the Matriculation examination under 
the regulations in force in any previous year. 

(c) Those who are applicants for Matriculation standing in certain 
papers. 

(6) (a) 'Candidates may write at any one of the four University 
centres mentioned in (1) (a)" without any additional cost to themselves. 

(b) Candidates who write at an}*- other centre, in addition to pay- 
ing the fee required in (9), must also defray the local expenses of con- 
ducting tha examination. Thesa include the cost of, supplies, any 
charge for the examination room, express charges, and the allowance 
to the Presiding Officer at $5 per day. 

(7) Forms of application and copies of the time-table may be ob- 
tained, after July 1st, on application to the Secretary of the Board. 



SPECIAL MATKICULATION CONDITIONS. 

8. — (1) A candidate who is actually engaged in a mercantile, indus- 
trial or other occupation may proceed to pass Junior Matriculation 
under the following conditions: 

(a) He may present himself for one or more subjects at any June 
or September examination. 

(b) At any such examination he will receive credit for a subject or 
subjects on obtaining forty per cent, in each paper and an aggregate 
of sixty per cent, of the total marks assigned to such subject or sub- 
jects. There are two papers given in each subject. 

(c) Matriculation must be completed under these conditions within 
four consecutive years. 

(2) In oider to secure credit for the subject or subjects written, a 
candidate who desires to matriculate under these regulations must, 
immediately on receipt of his statement of marks, return the same to 
the Secretary of the Board, accompanied by a certificate from his em- 
ployer to the following effect: — 

, 191.. 

T, , do hereby certify that 

was in my employ from to ... . 

in the capacity of , and that 

this employment made it impossible for him to attend the regular day 
sessions of a secondary school. 

My business is that of 

located at 

(Give business address in full.) 



(Signature in full.) 

To the Secretary of the 

University Matriculation Board, Parliament Buildings. 

(3) Exceptional cases, for which provision is not made under these 
regulations, will be determined, as they arise, by the University Matricu- 
lation Board. 

Fees. 

9. The following are the fees : — 

(1) June examinations. 

(a) Junior Matriculation $8 00 

(b) Matriculation standing I Not more than four papers. 3 00 
in certain papers f More than four papers 8 00 

(c) Honour Matriculation )Not more than four papers. . 5 00 
in certain papers (More than four papers 10 00 

(d) Scholarship Matriculation '. 10 00 

(2) September Supplemental examination. 

Fee per paper, $2.00, maximum fee 10 00 

(3) Appeal fee 2 00 

(4) Duplicate of lost certificate 2 00 

(5) Certificate of complete Matriculation on the results of 
examinations taken in different years 5 00 



9 

PKESCRIPTIOX OF WORK. 
For Pass. 

Greek. 

Translation into English of passages from the prescribed texts, with 
questions thereon. 

Translation at sight of simple narrative passages similar to the 
Xenophon prescribed. 

Questions on Greek accidence and on the common rules of Greek 
syntax to test the candidate's accuracy and comprehension in such 
matters as are needful for the intelligent reading of his texts. 

The following are the prescribed texts : — 

1915 and 1917: Xenophon, Philpotts and Jerram, Easy Selections 
from Xenophon, chaps. 3', 4, and 5; Homer, Iliad, I., 1-350. 

1916 : Xenophon, Philpotts and Jerram, Easy Selections from 
Xenophon, chaps. 3, 4, 5; Homer, Iliad, VL, 66-118 and 237 to the 
end. 

Two papers will be set: (1) Prescribed texts; (2) translation at 
sight, accidence and syntax. 

Latin. 

Translation at sight of passages of average difficulty from Caesar, 
upon which special stress will be laid. 

Translation, with questions, from a prescribed portion of Virgil's 
iEneid. 

The marks assigned for the translation from prescribed authors 
shall not be more than twenty-five per cent, of the total marks assigned 
to the Latin papers. 

Questions on Latin accidence. 

Translation into Latin of English sentences involving a knowledge 
of the following principles of Latin syntax: The common uses of the 
cases; the accusative with the infinitive; the subjunctive in simple sent- 
ences: final and result clauses: the law of the sequence of tenses; the 
indirect question; verbs of fearing, doubting and hindering; the use of 
the participle, gerund and gerundive, active and passive periphrastic; 
indirect discourse; and the common forms of the conditional sentence. 

The vocabulary will be taken from the prescribed portion of Caesar 
and special stress will be laid upon this part of the examination. 

Examination upon a short prescribed portion of Caesar to test the 
candidate's knowledge of Latin syntax, and the power of idiomatic trans- 
lation. 

The following are the texts prescribed: — 

1915: Caesar, Book IV., chaps. 20-38, and Book V., chaps. 1-23; 
Virgil, JEneid, Book I., vv. 1-510. 

1916 and 1917: Ca\sar, De Ballo Gallico, Book IV., chaps. 20-38, and 
Book V., chaps. 1-23; Virgil, JEneid, Book II., vv. 1-505. 

Two papers will be set: (1) Translation at sight, Virgil, and acci- 
dence. (2) Translation into Latin, syntax and idiomatic translation 
from prescribed Caesar, etc. 



10 

English. 

' Composition : An essay on one of several themes set by the ex- 
aminers. In order to pass in this subject, legible writing, correct spelling 
and punctuation, and idiomatic and grammatical construction of sen^ 
tences are indispensable. The candidate should also give attention to 
the structur.3 of the whole essay, the effective ordering of the thought, 
and the active employment of a good English vocabulary. About two 
pages of foolscap is suggested as the proper length for the essay; but 
quality, not quantity, will be mainly regarded. 

One examination paper. 

Literature: Such questions only will be set as may serve to test 
the candidate's familiarity with, and intelligent and appreciative com- 
prehension of, the prescribed texts. The candidate will be expected 
to have memorized the passages prescribed below. In addition to the 
questions on the prescribed selections others will be set on a " sight 
'passage " to test the candidate's ability to interpret literature for him- 
self. 

The candidate shall produce satisfactory proof, by the certificate of 
the principal of the school from which he conies or otherwise that he 
has read carefully, during the preceding year, at least four suitable 
works in English literature (both prose and poetry) in addition to 
those prescribed below for examination. 

One examination paper. 

1915 : Wordsworth : Michael, Influence of Natural Objects, Nutting, 
Elegiac Stanzas, To the Rev. Dr. Wordsworth, To the Cuckoo, "Bright 
flower ! whose home," and the following eight sonnets : — " It is not to be 
thought of," "Dark and more dark the shades of evening fell," "0 friend, 
I know not," "Milton thou shouldst," "Surprised by joy — impatient as 
the wind," " Hail twilight, sovereign of one peaceful hour," " I thought 
of thee, my partner and my guide," " Such age how beautiful " ; Tenny- 
son: The Epic and Morte d' Arthur, Oenone, The Brook, and the follow- 
ing selections of In Memoriam : XXVIL, LXIV., LXXXIIL, LXXXVL, 
01., CXIV., CXV., CXVIIL, CXXIIL; Shakespeare, Merchant of 
Venice. 

Selections for Memorization. 

Wordsworth: "To the Cuckoo;" "It is not to be thought of;" "0, 
friend, I know not;" "Milton, thou shouldst;" "Hail twilight, sovereign 
of one peaceful hour ;" "I thought of Thee, my partner and my guide." 
Tennyson: Morte d' Arthur, 11. 246-255; Oenone, 11. 1-15, 11. 144- 
150, The lyric stanzas in The Brook; In Memoriam; LXIV, 
LXXXIII, LXXXVI, CI, CXV, CXVIIL 
Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice. 
Act, I, Se. 1, 11. 79-99, "Let me play . . . their brother's fools." 
Act II, Sc. 9, 11. 36-49, "Who chooseth me — to be new varnished." 
Act IV, Sc. 1, 11. 184-202, "The quality of mercy ... the deeds 
of mercy." 

Act V, Sc. 1, 11. 54-65, "How sweet the moonlight — cannot hear it." 
Act V, Sc. 1, 11. 102-108, "The crow doth sing— true perfection." 



11 

1916: Coleridge, The Ancient Mariner; Tennyson, Lotos Eaters, 
Ulysses, "Of old sat Freedom," Locksley Hall, Songs from The Prin- 
cess, Ode on the Duke of Wellington, Charge of the Light Brigade, 
Enoch Arden; Shakespeare, Julius Ca?sar. 

1917: Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott, St. Agnes' Eve, "Come not 
when I am dead," " Break, break, break/' In the Valley of Cauteretz, 
Elaine; Browning, All service ranks the same with God, My Last 
Duchess, Cavalier Tunes, The Boy and the Angel, Love among the 
Euins, Home Thoughts from Abroad, Up at a Villa, The Guardian 
Angel, Prospice; Shakespeare, Macbeth. 

Selections for Memorization. 

Tennyson : The Lady of Shalott, Part I ; St. Agnes' Eve ; " Break, 
break, break " ; In the Valley of Cauteretz. 

Browning-. "All service ranks the same with God"; Home 
Thoughts from Abroad; Prospice; Love Among the Euins. 

Macbeth 
Act I, Sc. 5, 11. 16-31. Lady M. " Glamis thou art . . . crown'd 
withal." 

Act I. Sc. 7, 11. 1-28. Macb. " If it were done . . . on the other." 
Act II, Sc. 1, 11. 33-64. Macb. " Is this a dagger ... to hell." 
Act III, Sc. 2, 11. 4-26. Lady M. " Nought's had . . . him further." 
AetJII, Sc. 2. 1]. 45-56. Macb. " Be innocent ... go with me." 
Act V, Sc. 3, ]]. 22-28. Macb. " I have lived . . . dare not." 
Act. V, Sc. 3, 11. 39-45. Macb. "Cure her . . . the heart?" 
Act V, Sc. 5, 11. 16-28. Sey. "The Queen . . . signifying nothing." 

German. 

The candidates knowledge of German will be tested by: (1) simple 
questions on grammar; (2) the translation of simple passages from 
English into German; (3 1 ) translation at sight of easy passages from 
modern German, and (4) an examination on the following texts: — 

The texts contained in the New High School German Eeader. 

1915 : VTildenbruch, Der Letzte. 

1916 : Seidel, Aus goldenen Tagen, edited by W. Bernhardt. 

1917: Baumbach, Waldnovellin. 

Two papers will be set: (1) Prescribed texts and translation at 
sight; questions on grammar; (2) the translation of English into 
German. 

French. 

The candidate's knowledge of French will be tested by: (1) simple 
questions on grammar; (2) the translation of simple passages from 
English into French; (3) translation at sight of easy passages from 
modern French, and (4) an examination on the following texts : — 

The texts contained in the New High School French Eeader. 

1915 : Labiche, la Poudre aux Yeux. 

1916: Daudet, La Petit Chase a l'Ecole (Blackie's Longer French 
Texts). 



12 

1917 : Labiche, Le Voyage de Monsieur Perrichon. 

Two papers will be set: (1) Prescribed texts and translations at 
sight; questions on grammar; (2) the translation of English into 
French. 

History. 

British History. — Great Britain and Canada from 1763 to 1885. 
The geography relating to the history prescribed. One examination 
paper. 

Ancient History. — General outlines of the History of Greece to the 
death of Alexander and of the history of Pome to the death of Augustus, 
with a brief outline of the art. literature, philosophy, and social life of 
the Greeks and Romans. 
The geography relating to the history prescribed. 



One examination paper. 



Mathematics. 



Algebra. — Elementary rules; highest common measure; lowest 
common multiple; fractions; square root; simple equations of one, two 
and three unknown quantities; indices; surds; quadratics of one and 
two unknown quantities. 

One examination paper. 

Geometry. — A. — Constructions. 

To construct a triangle with sides of given lengths. 

To construct an angle equal to a given rectilineal angle. 

To bisect a given angle. 

To bisect a given straight line. 

To draw a line perpendicular to a given line from a given point in it. 

To draw a line perpendicular to a given line from a given point not 
in the line. 

Locus of a point equidistant from two given lines. 

Locus cf a point equidistant from two given points. 

To draw a line parallel to another, through a given point. 

To divide a given line into any number of equal parts. 

To describe a parallelogram equal to a given triangle, and having 
an angle equal to a given angle. 

1*0 describe a parallelogram equal to a given rectilineal figure, and 
having an angle equal to a given angle. 

On a given straight line to describe a parallelogram equal to a given 
triangle, and having an angle equal to a given angle. 

To find the centre of a given circle. 

From a given point to draw a tangent to a given circle. 

On a given straight line to construct a segment of a circle contain- 
ing an angle equal to a given angle. 

From a given circle to cut off a segment containing an angle equal 
tc a given angle. 

In a circle to inscribe a triangle equiangular to a given triangle. 

To find locus of centres of circles touching two given lines. 

To inscribe a circle in a given triangle. 

To describe a circle touching three given straight lines. 



13 

To describe a circle about a given triangle. 

About a given circle to describe a triangle equiangular to a given 
triangle. 

To divide a given line similarly to another given divided line. 

To find the fourth proportional to three given lines. 

To describe a polygon similar to a given polygon, and with the cor- 
lesponding sides in a given ratio. 

To find the mean proportional between two given straight lines. 

To construct a polygon similar to a given polygon, an# such that 
their areas are in a given ratio. 

To describe a polygon of a given shape and size. 

B. — Theorems. 

The sum of the angles of any triangle is equal to two right angles. 

The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal, with con- 
verse. 

If the three sides of one triangle be equal, respectively, to the three 
sides of another, the triangles are equal in all respects 

If two sides and the included angle of one triangle be equal to two 
sides and the included angle of another triangle, the triangles are equal 
in all respects. 

If two angles and one side of a triangle be equal to two angles and 
the corresponding side of another, the triangles are equal in all re- 
spects. 

If two sides and an angle opposite one of these sides be equal, 
respectively, in two triangles, the angles opposite the other pair of 
equal sides pre either equal or supplemental. 

The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is four right angles. 

The greater side of any triangle has the greater angle opposite it. 

The greater angle of any triangle has the greater side opposite it. 

If two sides of one triangle be equal respectively to two sides of 
another, that with the greater contained angle has the greater base, 
with converse. 

If a transversal fall on two parallel lines, relations between angles 
formed, with converse. 

Lines which join equal and parallel lines towards the same parts 
are themselves equaland parallel. 

The opposite sides and angles of a parallelogram are equal and the 
diagonal bisects it. 

Parallelograms on the same base, or on equal bases, and between the 
same parallels are equal. 

Triangles on the same base, or on equal bases, and between the 
same parallel s are equal. 

Triangles equal in area, and on the same base, are between the same 
parallels. 

If a parallelogram and a triangle be on the same base, and between 
the same parallels, the parallelogram is double the triangle. 

Expressions for area of parallelogram, and the area of a triangle. 

The complements of parallelograms about the diagonal of any paral- 
lelogram are equal. 



The square on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equal to 
the sum of tJje squares on the sides. 

If a straight line be divided into any two parts^ the sum of the 
squares on the parts, together with twice the rectangle contained by the 
parts, is equal to the square on the whole line. 

The square on a side of any triangle is equal to the sum of the 
squares on the two other sides + twice the rectangle contained by 
either of these sides and the projection of the other side on it. 

If more than two equal straight lines can be drawn from the circum- 
ference of a circle to a point within it, that point is the centre. 

The diameter is the greatest chord in a circle, and a chord nearer 
the centre is greater than one more remote. Also the greater chord 
is nearer the centre than the less. 

The angle at the centre of a circle is double the angle at the cir- 
cumference on the same arc. 

The angles in the same segment of a circle are equal, with con- 
verse. 

The opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are 
together equal to two right angles, with converse. 

The angle in a semicircle is a right angle; in a segment greater 
than a semicircle less than a right angle; in a segment less than a 
semicircle greater than a right angle. 

A tangent is perpendicular to the radius to the point of contact; 
only one tangent can be drawn at a given point; the perpendicular to 
the tangent at the point of contact passes through the centre; the 
perpendicular from centre on tangent passes through the point of 
contact. 

If two circles touch, "the line joining the centres passes through the 
point of contact. 

The angles which a chord drawn from the point of contact makes 
with the tangent, are equal to the angles in the alternate segments 

The rectangles under the segments of intersecting chords are equal. 

If 0A.0B=0C 2 , OC is a tangent to the circle through A, B and C. 

Triangles of the same altitude are as their bases. 

A line parallel to the base of a triangle divides the sides proportion- 
ally, with converse. 

If a vertical angle of a triangle be bisected, the bisector divides the 
base into segments that are as the sides, with converse. 

The analogous proposition when the exterior angle at the vertex is 
bisected, with converse. 

If two triangles are equiangular, the sides are proportional. 

If the sides of two triangles are proportional, the triangles are 
equiangular. 

If the sides of two triangles about equal angles are proportional, 
the triangles are equiangular. 

If two triangles have an angle in each equal, and the sides about 
two other angles proportional, the remaining angles are equal or sup- 
plemental. 

Similar triangles are as the squares on corresponding sides. 

The perpendicular from the right angle of a right-angled triangle 
on the hypotenuse divides the triangle into two which are similar to- 
the original triangle. 



15 

In equa] circles angles, whether at the centres or circumferences, 
9.re proportional to the arcs on which they stand. 

The areas of two similar polygons are as the squares on correspond- 
ing sides. 

If three lines be proportional, the first is to the third as the figure 
on the first to a similar figure on the second. 

Questions and easy deductions on the preceding constructions and 
theorems. 

It is recommended that the study of formal demonstrative Geom- 
etry be preceded by a course in Practical Geometry, extending over not 
more than a year, and embracing the following : — 

Definitions; fundamental geometric conceptions and principles; use 
of simple instruments, as compasses, protractor, graduated rule, etc.; 
measurement of lines and angles, and construction of lines and angles 
of given numerical magnitude; accurate construction of figures; some 
leading propositions in plane geometry reached by induction as a result 
of accurate construction of figures; deduction also employed as prin- 
ciples are reached and assured. At the examination questions may 
be given in Practical Geometry, the constructions being such as natur- 
ally spring from the prescribed course. Candidates must provide them- 
selves with a graduated ruler, compasses, set-square and protractor. 

In the formal deductive Geometry modifications of Euclid's treat- 
ment of the subject will be allowed, though not required, as follows :— 

The employment of the "hypothetical construction." 

The free employment of the method of superposition, including the 
rotation of figures about an axis, or about a point in a plane. 

A modification of Euclid's parallel postulate. 

A treatment of ratio and proportion restricted to the case in which 
the compared magnitudes are commensurable. 

One examination paper. 

Experimental Science. 

Chemistry. — An experimental study of the following elements and 
their more important compounds: hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, sodium, 
potassium, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon, calcium. The 
course of work should be arranged so as to give the pupils a knowledge of 
the following: mixtures, solutions, compounds, and elements, and their 
various properties and reactions; acids, bases, and salts. Fundamental 
laws and principles, as : conservation of mass, definite proportions, 
multiple proportions, valency, proportions by volume in which gases 
react. The quantitative meaning and use of chemical symbols, form- 
ulae and equations. Chemical nomenclature. Simple quantitative ex- 
periments and problems. The application of chemistry to the indus- 
tries, illustrated by an account of the commercial manufacture and use 
of some of the more important substances included in this course. 

One examination paper. 



16 

Physics. 

An experimental course defined as follows, and including simple 
problems : 

Electricity and Magnetism.— -Laws of magnetic attraction and repul- 
sion; magnetic lines of force; phenomena of induction; inclination and 
declination of the compass. Production and detection of electricity. 
Electrical conductors and insulators; electroscopes and their construc- 
tion; electrical conduction through air; radioactivity illustrated by 
means of uranium and thorium salts. Electrical conduction in liquids; 
electrolysis; electroplating and electro typing. Voltameters, storage and 
voltaic cells; simple notions of potential; Ohm's Law; electrical units; 
galvanometers and voltmeters; laws of resistance; divided circuits, ex- 
perimental determination of current strength, resistance, and electro- 
motive force; current induction and its general laws; the transformer, 
|the induction coil, dynamo, telephone, motor, ether waves, Roentgen 
rays, and wireless telegraphy. 

Heat. — Nature and sources of heat. Relation between volume and 
the temperature of a gas (Charles' Law). Absolute temperature. 
Change of state. Latent heat; specific heat; transmission of heat. 

Sound. — Vibrations: transversal vibrations, illustrated with pendu- 
lums, rods, strings, membranes, plates; longitudinal vibrations illus- 
trated with rods, strings and columns of air. Production, propagation, 
and detection of sound waves. Velocity of sound, pitch; standard forks 
(acoustical C— -512, musical A=S70). Vibration of air in organ pipes; 
nodes and loops in vibrating air columns and in vibrating strings ; wave 
lengths and velocity relations. Laws of vibration of strings; interfer- 
ence phenomena; beats, resonance, reflection and absorption of sound. 

Light. — The ether, the wave theory of light, rectilinear propagation, 
image through a pin-hole, beam, pencil ; photometry ; shadow and grease 
spot photometers. Reflection and scattering of light; laws of reflection, 
images in plane mirrors, concave and convex mirrors ; drawing images. 
Refraction, laws, and index of refraction. Total reflection. Path 
through a prism. Lenses; drawing image produced by a lens by use of 
critical rays. Simple microscope. Dispersion and colour. Spectrum; 
recomposition of light. Camera. 

One examination paper. 

For Honours. 
Greek. 

Translation into English of passages from the prescribed texts, with 
questions thereon. 

Translation at sight of prose passages of average difficulty from 
Xenophon's historical works. 

Translation into Greek of sentences (based upon Xenophon's vocab- 
ulary) to test the candidate's scholarship in matters of accidence, syntax 
and phraseology. 



17 

The following are the prescribed texts : — 

1915, 1916, 1917: Xenophon, Ilellenica (Philpotts' Selections, sec- 
tions I. and IL), Homer, Iliad I., 1-350; III., 121-244; VI., 66.-118, 
and 237 to the end; Odyssey VI. and IX. 

Two papers will be set: (1) prescribed texts; (2) translation at 
sight and Greek prose composition. 

Latin. 

Translation into English of passages from prescribed texts. 

Translation at sight of passages of average difficulty from Caesar. 

Grammatical questions on the passages from prescribed texts and 
such other questions as arise naturally from the context. 

Translation into Latin of English sentences to illustrate Latin 
syntax and continuous passages of English, based on Caesar. 

The following are the prescribed texts : — 

Caesar, !>e Bello Gallico, Book I.; Horace, Odes, Book L, 1, 2, 5, 6, 
10, 14, 22, 24, 31, 34, 35, 38; Book II., 3, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18; Book III., 
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 21, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30 ; Book IV., 2, 4, 5, 7, 15. 

1915: Virgil, JEneid, Book I., vv. 1-510, or Book II., vv. 1-505; 
Cicero, In Catilinam I. and III. 

1916 and 1917: Virgil, ^neid, Book L, vv. 1-510, or Book II., vv. 
1-505 ; 'Cicero, Pro Lege Manilia. 

Two examination papers: (1) Latin prose; (2) authors and sight 
translation. 

English. 

Composition : An essay of one of several themes set by the ex- 
aminers. 

One examination paper. 

Literature : The candidate will be expected to have memorized the 
passages prescribed below. Besides questions to test the candidate's famil- 
iarity with, and comprehension of, the following selections, questions 
may also, be set to determine within reasonable limits his power of 
appreciating literary art. 

The candidate shall produce satisfactory proof by the certificate 
of the principal of the school from which he comes or otherwise that he 
has read carefully, during the preceding year, at least four suitable 
works in English literature (both prose and poetry) in addition to those 
prescribed below for examination. 

One examination paper. 

1915 : Wordsworth : Michael, Influence of Natural Objects, Nutting, 
Elegiac Stanzas, To the Eev. Dr. Wtordsworth, To the 'Cuckoo, " Bright 
flower ! whose home," and the following eight sonnets : — " It is not to 
be thought of," "Dark and more dark the shades of evening fell," "O 
friend, I know not," "Milton thou shouldst," "Surprised by joy— im- 
patient as the wind." "Hail twilight, sovereign of one peaceful hour," 
"I thought of thee, my partner and my guide," "Such age how beauti- 
ful " ; Tennyson: The Epic and Morte d' Arthur, Oenone, The Brook, 



18 

and the following selections of In Memoriam: — XXVII., LXIV., 
LXXXIII., LXXXVL, CI., CXIV., CXV., CXVIIL, CXXIIL; 

Shakespeare : Merchant of. Venice, Henry IV., Part I. 

Selections for Memorization. 
As for Pass Matriculation. See page 10. 

1916 : Coleridge j, -The Ancient Mariner ; Tennyson, Lotos Eaters, 
Ulysses, " Of old sat Freedom." Locksley Hall, Songs from the Princess, 
Ode on the Duke of Wellington, Charge of the Light Brigade, Enoch 
Arden; Shakespeare, Julius Ca?sar, Midsummer Nighfs Dream. 

1917 : Tennyson : The Lady of Shalott, St. Agnes' Eve, "Come not 
when I am dead," "Break, break, break," In the Valley of Cauteretz, 
Elaine; Browning: "All service ranks the same with God," My Last 
Duchess," Cavalier Tunes, The Boy and the Angel, Love among the 
Euins, Home Thoughts from Abroad, Up at a Villa, The Guardian 
Angel, Prospice ; Shakespeare, Macbeth, As You Like It. 

Selections for Memorization. 
Tennyson and Browning : As for Pass Matriculation, omitting 
" The Lady of Shalott, Part I," and " Love Among the Ruins." 
Macbeth : As for Pass Matriculation. 

As You Like It. 

Act II, Sc. 1, 11. 1-18. Duke S. "Now, my co-mates . . . 
change it." 

Act II, Sc. 5. The Songs. 

Act II, Sc. 7, 11. 12-34. Jaq. "A fool ! . . . only ear." 

Act II, Sc. 7, 11. 139-166. Jaq. "All the world's ... sans 
everything." 

Act II, Sc. 7, 11. 174-190. Amiens. The Song. 

German. 

The prescription of work in grammar, the translation of English 
into German and sight translation, is the same for honours as for pass, 
but the examination will be of a more advanced character. 

The following are the prescribed texts :— 

1915: Four German plays, ed. Manley and Allen (Ginn and Co.) 
omitting Im Warteselon erster Klassi ; Heyse, Das Madchen von Treppi. 

1916: Isolde Kurz, Die Hnmanisten; Fulda, Unter vier Augen; Ger- 
man Poems, edited by Burkhard (Henry Holt and Co.). 

1917: Moser, Der Bibliothekar ; Heyse, L'Arrabbiata. 

French. 

The prescription of work in grammar, the translation of English 
into French and sight translation, is the same for honours as for pass, 
but the examination will -be of a more advanced character. 

The following are the prescribed texts : — 

1915 : HaJevy, l'Abbe Constantin. 

1916: About, Le Roi des Montagnes, and Thuriet, L'Abbe Daniel, 
(Blackie's Longer French Texts). 

1917: Remi en Angleterre (Pitt Press). 



iy 

History. 

Outline of. Mediaeval History from the Barbarian Invasion to the 
Discovery of America. Study in greater detail of the period from the 
Discovery of America to the death of Queen Elizabeth, 1492-1603. The 
geography relating to the history prescribed. One examination paper. 

Outlines of Modern History from the death of Queen Elizabeth to 

the Treaty of Paris, 1603-1763. Study of Modern History in detail, 

1763-1885. The geography relating to the history prescribed. One 

examination paper. 

Mathematics. 

Note. — Candidates at the examinations in Honour Mathematics will be 
expected to be able to use Logarithmic and Trigonometric tables. Books of 
tables shall be provided for the examination, one for each candidate, either 
by the school concerned or by the candidates. 

Algebra: Elementary rules; highest common measure; lowest com- 
Tnon multiple ; fractions ; square root ; simple equations of one, two and 
three unknown quantities ; indices, surds, quadratics of one and two 
unknown quantities; theory of divisors; ratio, proportion and varia- 
tion; progressions; notation; premutations and combinations; bino- 
mial theorem ; interest forms ; annuities. 

One examination paper. 

Trigonometry. — Trigonometrical ratios with their relations to each 
other; sines, etc., -of the sum and difference of angles with deduced 
formulas; use of logarithms; solution of triangles; expressions for the 
area of triangles; radii of circumscribed, inscribed and escribed circles. 

One examination paper. 

Problems: One paper. 

Geometry: A. — Exercises on the course prescribed for the pass ex- 
amination with special reference to the following topics : — loci ; maxima 
and minima; the system of inscribed, escribed and circumscribed circles 
of a triangle, with metrical relations ; radical axis. 

B. — The following additional propositions in Synthetic Geometry, 
with exercises thereon: — 

To divide a given straight line internally and externally in medial 
section. 

To describe a square that shall be equal to a given rectilineal figure. 

To describe an isosceles triangle having each of the angles at the 
base double of the third angle. 

To inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle. 

The squares on two sides of a triangle are together equal to twice 
the square on half the third side and twice the square on the median to 
that side. 

If A B C be a triangle, and A be joined to a point P of the base 
such that B P : P C = m: n, then n A B 2 + m A C 2 "= (m + n) 
A P 2 + n B P 2 + m P C 2 . 

In a right-angled triangle the rectilineal figure described on the 
hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the similar and similarly described 
figures on the two other sides. 

If the vertical angle of a triangle be bisected by a straight line 
which also cuts the base, the rectangle contained by the sides of the 



20 

triangle is equal to the rectangle contained by the segments of the base, 
together with the square on the straight line which bisects the angle. 

If from the vertical angle of a triangle a straight line be drawn per- 
pendicular to the base, the rectangle contained by the sides of the tri- 
angle is equal to the rectangle contained by the perpendicular and the 
diameter of the circle described about the triangle. 

The rectangle contained by the diagonals of a quadrilateral inscribed 
in a circle is equal to the sum of the two rectangles contained by its 
opposite sides. 

Two similar polygons may be so placed that the lines adjoining 
corresponding points are concurrent. 

If a straight line meet the sides B C, C A, A B, of a triangle A 
B C in D, B, F, respectively, then B D. C E. A F = D C. E A. F B, 
and conversely. (Menelaus' Theorem.) 

If straight lines through the angular points A, B, C of a triangle are 
concurrent, and intersect the opposite sides in D, E, F, respectively, 
then B D. C E. A F = D C. E. A. F B, and conversely. (Ceva's 
Theorem.) 

If a point A lie on the polar of a point B with respect to a circle, 
then B lies on polar of A. 

Any straight line which passes through a fixed point is cut harmoni- 
cally by the point, any circle, and the polar of the point with respect 
to the circle. 

In a complete quadrilateral each diagonal is divided harmonically by 
the two other diagonals, and at the angular points through which it 
passes. 

C. — Elementary Analytical Geometry: Axes of co-ordinates. 
Position of a point in plane of reference. 

Transformation of co-ordinates — origin changed, or axes (rectangu- 
lar) turned through a given angle. 

±2A = oc 1 (y 2 -y 3 j + + 

Co-ordinates of point dividing line joining P-Jjc^ y x ) an d Pi{x 2i y 2 ), in 
ratio m : n are 

mx t + nx-, my % 4- ny x 

x = , y = '- . 

m + n. m + n 

(p 1 p 2 y=(^-x 2 y+(y 1 -y 2 r. 

Equations of straight lines. 

x -x x y -y x 



»1 - *2 2/1-2/ 







X 

- + 
a 


2/ 
b 


= 1. 








x - 


a 


V -h 


— r. 




cos 





sin 








2/ 


= mx + 


b. 








y 


= m(x - 


a). 


X 


cos a + 


y sin 


a 


= p. 





Line defined by two points 
through which it passes. 



Line defined by one point 
through which it passes, 
and by its direction. 



n 

General equation of 1st degree, Ax + By + = 0, represents a straight 
line. 

Any line through (a^, y^) is 

A(x-x l ) + B(y-y 1 ) = 0. 

If be angle between Ax + By + C = and A'x + B'y + C' = 0, then 

n A'B-AB' 
^ ne =AA^BW' 

Condition of Irity, AA' + BB' = 0. 

„ i- . -■ . A B 
Condition ot || ism, — - = — . 

Distance from (a, 6) to .4# 4- By + C = in direction whose direction 
cosines are (I, m), is 

Al + Bra 
JL distance from (a, 6) on .4# + By + C = 0, is 



A/^ 2 + ^ 2 



The Circle — 

Equations in forms 



x 2 -f y 2 = r 2 . 



(a; - a) 2 + (y - &) 2 = r 2 . 
x 2 + y 2 - 2rx = 0. 

General equation : x 2 + y 2 -f 2^cc + 2.63/ + C = 

or (£c4-^) 2 + (y + ^) 2 = ^ 2 + J5 2 -C 



represents a circle with centre ( — A, - B) and radius \/ A 2 + B 2 - C. 
Tangent at (x, y) to x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is xx' + 2/3/ = r 2 . 

Normal is — = — . 
x y 



Tangent in form y = mx ± r \/l + m 2 . 

Pole being (a?', y' ), polar is xx + yy' = r 2 . 

If pole move along a line, polar turns about pole of that line. 

Square of tangent from (x, y') to x 2 + y 2 + 2^1 x + 2 By 4- (7 = 

is a/ 2 + y' 2 + 2 J a' + 2 By + C. 

Radical axis of x 2 + y 2 + 2 Ax + 2By + C = 0, 

x 2 + y 2 + 2 A'x + 2B'y + C = 0. 

Easy exercises on the preceding propositions. 
One examination paper. 



22 
Physics, 

1. Mechanics: Measurement of velocity; uniformly accelerated 
rectilinear motion; momentum; energy, force; metric units of force; 
work, energy, and power. Equilibrium of forces acting at a point; 
triangle, parallelogram, and polygon of forces ; parallel forces ; principle 
of moments; centre of gravity; laws of friction; numerical examples. 

2. Propeeties oe Matter: An experimental course illustrating the 
following topics: — transmutation of energy; conservation of energy; 
kinetic theory of matter; heat, a mode of motion; absolute tempera- 
ture; mechanical equivalent of heat. 

Fluid pressure at a point; pressure on a horizontal plane, pressure 
on an inclined plane, resultant vertical pressure and resultant hori- 
zontal pressure, when liquid is under air pressure and when it is not; 
transmission of pressure ; Bramah press ; calculations relating to the 
preceding. 

Note. — The examination problems based on the foregoing prescrip- 
tion in Mechanics and Properties of Matter, will be of a somewhat 
less difficult character than those hitherto set. 

The Flow of Fluids and Belated Phenomena. — An experi- 
mental course denned as follows: definition of stream line; definition 
of tube of flow; definition of steady motion; velocity of efflux from an 
orifice in a vessel containing water : — V 2 = 2 gh (Torricelli's theorem) ; 
pressure along a tube of flow given by p + >^pV 2 + gph == a con- 
stant (Bernoulli's theorem) ; applications of Bernoulli's theorem to ex- 
plain the principle of an atomiser, a bunsen filter pump, a steam in- 
jector, the curve of flight of a ball, the Venturi water meter. 

Surface Tension and Capillary Phenomena. — A simple ex- 
perimental treatment of the following topics: Experiments showing the 
existence of surface tension in liquids: the variation of surface tension 
with the liquid used ; the effect of temperature on surface tension measure- 
ment of surface tension of water and other liquids in grams per centi- 
meter or ounces per inch ; surface tension due to attractive forces between 
the molecules; surface tension dependent upon the nature of the sur- 
faces in contact; surface energy measured by T X A where T is the 
value of the surface tension and A the area of the surface; surface 
energy a minimum; the rise and fall of liquids in capillary tubes, the 
spherical form assumed by small drops; dyeing, and filtration, shown to 
be illustrations of the tendency of surface energy to be reduced to a 
minimum; pressure within a soap bubble. 

One examination paper. 

Chemistry. 

An experimental course defined as follows : — Chemistry of the Middle 
School reviewed and continued. Beversible reactions. Chemical equili- 
brium. Eate of reaction and conditions that affect it (including cataly- 
sis). A study of the following elements and their most characteristic 
compounds, having regard to MendelejeiFs classification and to their 



23 

most important economic and industrial applications, hydrogen, sodium, 
potassium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, 
carbon, silicon, tin, lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bis- 
muth, oxygen, sulphur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, iron, copper. 
One examination paper. 

Biology. 

Zoology. — Practical study of the external form of all types, and the 
dissection or the study of prepared specimens (or models), as specified 
below. Observational drawings are essential. An elementary knowledge 
of the chief functions of the body — nutrition, irritability, motility, ex- 
cretion, reproduction — and of the mode of life and the life history of 
the various types. Study of the principles of classification in any one 
group, and recognition of the commonest forms in all. 

The Frog. — Practical study of the external features; skeleton: 
visceral dissection; central nervous system; action of a typical muscle. 

Practical study of a cross-section for arrangement of organ systems. 
Observation of external features of development. 

The Fish. — Practical study of the external form; chief visceral 
organs; circulation and respiration; comparison with frog as to organs 
of locomotion, circulation, and respiration. 

The Reptile. — Practical study of the external form of a snake and 
a turtle. Comparison with a lizard. 

The Bird. — Practical study of the external form, plumage, and 
skeleton of some common bird. Adaptations to flight. Modification 
of bill and foot, in so far as they are of value in distinguishing the 
different chief types. 

The Mammal. — Practical study of the chief features of the 
skeleton, the visceral organs, and the chief divisions of the brain of a 
rabbit or a cat. Major characteristics of mammalian dentition and foot 
structure, as illustrated by the pig, horse, sheep, rabbit, dog, mole, and 
bat. 

The Worm. — Practical study of the external features, and dissection 
of the earth-worm. Study of cross-section for arrangement of chief 
organ systems only. 

The Arthropod. — Practical study of the external form of the cray- 
fish, including segmentation and appendages. Comparison of the ex- 
ternal form of the crayfish, grasshopper (or cricket), millipede, and 
spider. 

The Mollusc. — Practical study of the external form, and mode of 
locomotion and respiration, of the fresh-water clam ; comparison . in 
these respects with the snail. 

The Protozoan. — A practical study of the living amoeba ot 

paramcecium. 

Note. — Dissection of at least the Frog and the Earth-worm by the pupil 
will be required. In other cases, prepared specimens or models may be used. 
Cross-sections will be studied with, the low power microscope. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



24 

019 752 734 1 
Botany. — General types of the great natural groups of plants; 
classification. 

Morphology. — Morphology of seed, root, stem, leaf, flower, and 
fruit. A study of the cellular structure of the leaf and of the relative 
arrangement of the more important tissues and tissue-systems of the 
stem and root (as -shown by sections) of bean and maize, or of any 
other typical dicotyledon and monocotyledon. 

Physiology. — Practical studies of absorption (osmosis), plasm- 
olysis, transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, irritability (e.g., helio- 
tropism), growth and movement. An elementary knowledge" of the 
phenomena of fertilization and reproduction. 

Ecology. — Modifications of organs for special functions. Seed dis- 
persal. Light relations. Pollination and adaptations for cross-pollina- 
tion. Plant associations, e.g., mesophytes, hydrophytes, xerophytes. 

Cryptogams. — The practical study of representatives of the chief 
subdivisions of the cryptogams; spirogyra, chara, a mushroom, a lichen, 
a liverwort, a moss, a horsetail, a clubmoss, and a fern. Distribution and 
economic importance of yeasts and bacteria. Microscopic structure of 
the yeast cell; reproduction by budding. Microscopic observation of a 
bacterial colony. 

Phanerogams. — The practical study of representatives of the seed 
plants of the locality, including at least one member, of each of the fol- 
lowing orders : Coniferae, Carophyllaceae, Eanunculaceae, Cruciferae, 
Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Sapindaceae, Umbelliferae, Ericaceae, Labiatae, 
Scrophulariaceae, Borraginaceae, Compositae, Gramineae (so far as the 
structure of the flower and stem is concerned), Biliaceae. 

Note. — As form becomes intelligible only in the light of a knowledge of 
function and adaptation, it is advisable that the physiological and ecological 
studies should be taken up in appropriate connection with the morphological. 
It is also to be emphasized that the making of faithful and neat records of 
observations is a most important adjunct. In many cases these should be 
expressed as drawings, but it should be borne in mind that drawing loses 
much of its value as an educative factor unless there be an insistence on 
absolute accuracy and the careful naming of all the features represented. 
Judgment should, therefore, be exercised in requiring no more than can 
be done well. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 752 734 



Hollinger Corp. 
P H8.5 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

019 752 734 1 



Hollinger Corp. 
P H8.5 



